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Gac. méd. Méx ; 141(6): 455-459, nov.-dic. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632125

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el estado inmune y la seroconversión o respuesta anamnésica posterior a inmunización con vacuna de sarampión-rubéola (SR) y eventos temporalmente asociados, en personal de salud universitario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y comparativo de mayo a junio de 2000 en 120 adultos sanos de un Hospital de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Previo consentimiento informado se aplicó la vacuna SR de sarampión (Schwarz) y rubéola (RA 27/3). Se realizó seguimiento telefónico semanal para identificar eventos locales y sistémicos temporalmente asociados a la vacunación (30 días posteriores a su aplicación, no atribuibles a otro proceso mórbido). Se tomó suero antes y seis semanas después de la vacunación. Los anticuerpos (IgG) contra sarampión y rubéola fueron cuantificados por análisis inmunoenzimático (Enzygnost®, Dade Behring) con puntos de corte de > 300mUI/mL y > 8UI/mL, respectivamente. Análisis: media, desviación estándar (DS), Prueba t de Student pareada (significancia de P < 0.05). Resultados: Se logró seguimiento en 105/120 (87.5%) durante seis semanas. El 87.4% fue personal de salud y 44.6% varones. Rango de edad 17-71 años (mediana = 21). En la historia clínica hubo antecedente de posible sarampión en 57.1%. Se obtuvo suero pareado en 75 casos. La proporción de voluntarios con anticuerpos para sarampión y rubéola antes (90.7 y 94.7%) y después (100 y 100%) de la vacuna se incrementó de manera significativa (P < 0.001). Dolor, calor, rubor e induración en el sitio de inyección se presentó en 4/105 (~4%). Fiebre, exantema, artralgias y artritis en 9/105 (~9%). Conclusiones: La proporción de susceptibles a sarampión fue alta si tomamos en consideración la potencialidad de transmisión del virus de sarampión a la población que atenderían durante el período de contagiosidad (3-5 días). La respuesta de inmunidad postvacunal fue óptima. La vacunación en personal de salud debe ser prioritaria.


Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence, seroconversion, anamnesic response and events temporally associated with immune status pre and post immunization with measles and rubella vaccine in health personnel from a public University in Guadalajara, Mexico. Material and methods: We carried out a prospective, longitudinal and comparative study from May to June 2000 among 120 healthy volunteers. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. We administered measles (Schwarz) and rubella (RA 27/3) vaccines. Weekly phone calls during six weeks were recorded from each volunteer to assess local and systemic events temporally associated with immunization non attributable to any other disease. Serum samples were obtained before and after vaccination in 75 volunteers. Antibodies against measles and rubella were measured by an enzyme immunoassay kit (Behring) with cut-off points of ³300mUI/mL and ³8UI/mL respectively. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation and paired Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Results: 105/120 participants (87.5%) were followed during 6 weeks. 87.4% were health personnel and 44.6% were males. The age range was 17-71 years (median = 21). We found a prior history of measles in 57.1%. Local events included pain, heat, redness and induration and were reported by 4/105. Systemic events such as fever, exanthema, pain in joints and arthritis was reported by 9/105. The proportion of study subjects with protective antibodies against measles and rubella prior to vaccination was 90.7 and 94.7% respectively. Both groups reached 100% after vaccination. Conclusions: The proportion of non-immune health personnel was low and similar to other reports. However, the potential spread of measles and rubella virus from a non-immunized infected health care provider could be amplified by the number of patients seen daily during the peak period of 3-5 days. The vaccination of health personnel should be encouraged.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Measles Vaccine/adverse effects , Measles Vaccine/immunology , Rubella Vaccine/adverse effects , Rubella Vaccine/immunology , Antibodies/immunology , Health Personnel , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
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